Part I: Pre-Processing.- An Assessment of Arabic Handwriting Recognition Technology.- Layout Analysis of Arabic Script Documents.- A Multi-Stage Approach to Arabic Document Analysis.- Pre-Processing Issues in Arabic OCR.- Segmentation of Ancient Arabic Documents.- Features for HMM-Based Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition Systems.- Part II: Recognition.- Printed Arabic Text Recognition.- Handwritten Arabic Word Recognition Using the IFN/ENIT-Database.- RWTH OCR: A Large Vocabulary Optical Character Recognition System for Arabic Scripts.- Arabic Handwriting Recognition using Bernoulli HMMs.- Handwritten Farsi Words Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models.- Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition with Multidimensional Recurrent Neural Networks.- Application of Fractal Theory in Farsi/Arabic Document Analysis.- Multi-Stream Markov Models for Arabic Handwriting Recognition.- Towards Distributed Cursive Writing OCR Systems based on the Combination of Complementary Approaches.- Part III: Evaluation.- Data Collection and Annotation for Arabic Document Analysis.- Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competitions.- Benchmarking Strategy for Arabic Screen Rendered Word Recognition.- Part IV: Applications.- A Robust Word Spotting System for Historical Arabic Manuscripts.- Arabic Text recognition using a Script-Independent Methodology: A Unified HMM-based Approach for Machine-print and Handwritten Text.- Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using VDHMM and Over-Segmentation.- Online Arabic Databases and Applications.- Online Arabic Handwritten Words Recognition Based on HMM and Combination of Online and Offline Features.- Part I: Pre-Processing.- An Assessment of Arabic Handwriting Recognition Technology.- Layout Analysis of Arabic Script Documents.- A Multi-Stage Approach to Arabic Document Analysis.- Pre-Processing Issues in Arabic OCR.- Segmentation of Ancient Arabic Documents.- Features for HMM-Based Arabic Handwritten Word Recognition Systems.- Part II: Recognition.- Printed Arabic Text Recognition.- Handwritten Arabic Word Recognition Using the IFN/ENIT-Database.- RWTH OCR: A Large Vocabulary Optical Character Recognition System for Arabic Scripts.- Arabic Handwriting Recognition using Bernoulli HMMs.- Handwritten Farsi Words Recognition Using Hidden Markov Models.- Offline Arabic Handwriting Recognition with Multidimensional Recurrent Neural Networks.- Application of Fractal Theory in Farsi/Arabic Document Analysis.- Multi-Stream Markov Models for Arabic Handwriting Recognition.- Towards Distributed Cursive Writing OCR Systems based on the Combination of Complementary Approaches.- Part III: Evaluation.- Data Collection and Annotation for Arabic Document Analysis.- Arabic Handwriting Recognition Competitions.- Benchmarking Strategy for Arabic Screen Rendered Word Recognition.- Part IV: Applications.- A Robust Word Spotting System for Historical Arabic Manuscripts.- Arabic Text recognition using a Script-Independent Methodology: A Unified HMM-based Approach for Machine-print and Handwritten Text.- Arabic Handwriting Recognition Using VDHMM and Over-Segmentation.- Online Arabic Databases and Applications.- Online Arabic Handwritten Words Recognition Based on HMM and Combination of Online and Offline Features.